See losenge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "losenge",
"3": "losange"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: losenge, losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: losenge, losange"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*lausungu",
"t": "lie, deception, flattery"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *lausungu (“lie, deception, flattery”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lausungō",
"t": "release, removal, lack, emptiness, falsehood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lausungō (“release, removal, lack, emptiness, falsehood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēasung",
"t": "falsehood, fiction, hypocrisy, deception, deceitfulness, artice"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēasung (“falsehood, fiction, hypocrisy, deception, deceitfulness, artice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leasing",
"t": "lying, fraud, falsehood"
},
"expansion": "English leasing (“lying, fraud, falsehood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *lausungu (“lie, deception, flattery”), from Proto-Germanic *lausungō (“release, removal, lack, emptiness, falsehood”). Cognate with Old English lēasung (“falsehood, fiction, hypocrisy, deception, deceitfulness, artice”) (modern English leasing (“lying, fraud, falsehood”)). See also Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "losenge oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "losenge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "losange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lozenge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lozange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lousenge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loseinge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "losainge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "losenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural losenges, nominative singular losenge, nominative plural losenges)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"flattery; especially in order to trick or deceive."
],
"id": "en-losenge-fro-noun-fro:flattery",
"links": [
[
"flattery",
"flattery"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fro:flattery"
]
}
],
"word": "losenge"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "losange"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: losange, losenge, lozenge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "losange"
},
"expansion": "French: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: losange"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "losango",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: losango",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: losango"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "losenge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: losenge, losange, losinge, lossenge, lozenge, lozingge\nEnglish: lozenge\nScots: lozen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: losenge, losange, losinge, lossenge, lozenge, lozingge\nEnglish: lozenge\nScots: lozen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "losanga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: losanga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: losanga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "lausange",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Occitan: lausange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Occitan: lausange"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "losange"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: losange"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lausange"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: lausange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: lausange"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "losange",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: losange"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*lausa"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *lausa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ar",
"3": "لَوْزِينَج",
"t": "a kind of almond confection, sometimes coming in a lozenge-like shape"
},
"expansion": "Arabic لَوْزِينَج (lawzīnaj, “a kind of almond confection, sometimes coming in a lozenge-like shape”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"tr": "lwcynk'",
"ts": "lōzēnag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (lwcynk' /lōzēnag/)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from a special use of Etymology 1 above referring to the shape of slab tombstones containing flattering epithets; or possibly from *lose (“flag-stone”), from Vulgar Latin *lausa. Alternatively from Arabic لَوْزِينَج (lawzīnaj, “a kind of almond confection, sometimes coming in a lozenge-like shape”), itself from Middle Persian [script needed] (lwcynk' /lōzēnag/).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "losenge oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "losenge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loseigne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "losinge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lozenge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "losenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural losenges, nominative singular losenge, nominative plural losenges)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lozenge (shape)"
],
"id": "en-losenge-fro-noun-v5hgCCbV",
"links": [
[
"lozenge",
"lozenge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "losenge"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Old French terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Arabic",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "losenge",
"3": "losange"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: losenge, losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: losenge, losange"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*lausungu",
"t": "lie, deception, flattery"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *lausungu (“lie, deception, flattery”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lausungō",
"t": "release, removal, lack, emptiness, falsehood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lausungō (“release, removal, lack, emptiness, falsehood”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēasung",
"t": "falsehood, fiction, hypocrisy, deception, deceitfulness, artice"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēasung (“falsehood, fiction, hypocrisy, deception, deceitfulness, artice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leasing",
"t": "lying, fraud, falsehood"
},
"expansion": "English leasing (“lying, fraud, falsehood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *lausungu (“lie, deception, flattery”), from Proto-Germanic *lausungō (“release, removal, lack, emptiness, falsehood”). Cognate with Old English lēasung (“falsehood, fiction, hypocrisy, deception, deceitfulness, artice”) (modern English leasing (“lying, fraud, falsehood”)). See also Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (laus).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "losenge oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "losenge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "losange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lozenge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lozange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lousenge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loseinge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "losainge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "losenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural losenges, nominative singular losenge, nominative plural losenges)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"flattery; especially in order to trick or deceive."
],
"links": [
[
"flattery",
"flattery"
]
],
"senseid": [
"fro:flattery"
]
}
],
"word": "losenge"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Old French terms derived from Arabic",
"Old French terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "losange"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: losange, losenge, lozenge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "losange"
},
"expansion": "French: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: losange"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "losango",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: losango",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: losango"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "losenge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: losenge, losange, losinge, lossenge, lozenge, lozingge\nEnglish: lozenge\nScots: lozen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: losenge, losange, losinge, lossenge, lozenge, lozingge\nEnglish: lozenge\nScots: lozen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "losanga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: losanga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: losanga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "lausange",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Occitan: lausange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Occitan: lausange"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "losange"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: losange"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lausange"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: lausange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: lausange"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "losange",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: losange",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: losange"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*lausa"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *lausa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ar",
"3": "لَوْزِينَج",
"t": "a kind of almond confection, sometimes coming in a lozenge-like shape"
},
"expansion": "Arabic لَوْزِينَج (lawzīnaj, “a kind of almond confection, sometimes coming in a lozenge-like shape”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pal",
"3": "",
"tr": "lwcynk'",
"ts": "lōzēnag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (lwcynk' /lōzēnag/)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from a special use of Etymology 1 above referring to the shape of slab tombstones containing flattering epithets; or possibly from *lose (“flag-stone”), from Vulgar Latin *lausa. Alternatively from Arabic لَوْزِينَج (lawzīnaj, “a kind of almond confection, sometimes coming in a lozenge-like shape”), itself from Middle Persian [script needed] (lwcynk' /lōzēnag/).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "losenge oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "losenge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "losenges",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loseigne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "losinge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lozenge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "losenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural losenges, nominative singular losenge, nominative plural losenges)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lozenge (shape)"
],
"links": [
[
"lozenge",
"lozenge"
]
]
}
],
"word": "losenge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for losenge meaning in Old French (6.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'losenge oblique singular or', originally 'losenge oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"losenge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "losenge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'losenge oblique singular or', originally 'losenge oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"losenge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "losenge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'losenge oblique singular or' in 'losenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural losenges, nominative singular losenge, nominative plural losenges)'",
"path": [
"losenge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "losenge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'losenge oblique singular or', originally 'losenge oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"losenge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "losenge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'losenge oblique singular or', originally 'losenge oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"losenge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "losenge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'losenge oblique singular or' in 'losenge oblique singular, f (oblique plural losenges, nominative singular losenge, nominative plural losenges)'",
"path": [
"losenge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "losenge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.